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* Story Highlights
* Rare swine flu diagnosed in 2 kids near San Diego, California, CDC
reports
* In U.S., an average one person gets the disease every two years
* Infected kids have had no known contact with swine, each other
* Both kids recovered on their own The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is investigating two
cases of swine flu detected in children in the San Diego, California,
area last week.
Swine flu is usually diagnosed only in pigs or people in regular contact
with them. Swine flu is caused by a virus similar to the regular flu virus that
circulates in people every year, but is a strain that is typically found
only in pigs or in people who have direct contact with pigs. The children were infected with a virus known as swine influenza A H1N1,
which has a unique combination of genes not previously seen in flu
viruses in either humans or swine - although it shares similarities with
a virus that has been circulating in pigs since 1999. Typically one person in the United States is infected with swine flu
every one to two years, although there have been 12 cases in the
three-year period between December 2005 and January 2009. Most of the
time, people who get sick from swine flu have been in contact with pigs,
and the virus doesn't spread from person to person. Since neither of the two children, a 10-year-old boy and a 9-year-old
girl, had contact with pigs, it "increases the possibility that
human-to-human transmission of this new influenza virus has occurred,"
according to a CDC report. The girl did attend an agricultural fair four
weeks before becoming sick, she said, but did not have any contact with
pigs or other livestock. Family members of both children also had
flu-like symptoms, but it's not clear whether they were infected with
the same virus since samples weren't taken when they were ill. Both children had a fever and cough in late March, and one child
vomited. The children, who live in the adjacent San Diego and Imperial
counties in Southern California but had no known contact with one
another, have since recovered. "We've only got the two cases to go on and both kids recovered on their
own, so that's certainly good news," says Tom Skinner, a CDC spokesman. The boy did travel from California to Dallas, Texas, on a trip to visit
family members and the CDC is reaching out to crew members on that
flight to see whether any other people experienced flu-like symptoms,
says Skinner. "He was probably at the tail end of his illness, but yes, he was
symptomatic," he says. "We're just reaching out to crew members at this
point. Based on what we learn from that initial outreach, if we feel
like we need to reach out to other passengers on the plane, we will." These types of investigations are designed to "get a better handle on
just how transmissible this virus might be," says Skinner. "When we see
the introduction of a new flu virus from animal into humans that's one
of things we're interested in: understanding how efficiently is the
virus transmitted and how sustainable is the virus transmission from
person to person." The virus seems to be resistant to treatment with the antiviral drugs
amantadine and rimantadine. It's not clear yet whether the virus is
resistant to other drugs, such as oseltamivir and zanamivir. Skinner says "we're still early in the course of learning about it, but
as far as the general public goes there's nothing they need to be doing
differently today than what they were doing yesterday when it comes to
their knowledge and behavior about preventing flu." The most famous outbreak of swine flu in the United States occurred in
1976 in recruits at Fort Dix, New Jersey. The cases triggered fear of a
pandemic - largely because the lethal 1918 flu pandemic was thought at
the time to be a result of a swine flu mutation - that resulted in more
than 40 million people being vaccinated. The program was later
criticized when a swine flu pandemic did not materialize and a number of
cases of vaccine-related side effects were reported.
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